BackendAPI design and clear routing boundariesData modeling with growth in mindValidation and error handlingDatabase interactions and persistence patterns
System DesignRequirements and scope clarificationBreaking systems into componentsUnderstanding data flow and bottlenecksScalability, caching, queues, and failure handling
DeploymentDevelopment ā build ā deployment ā monitoringEnvironment configuration and runtime setupDebugging deployment assumptionsLearning how systems behave after shipping
Problem SolvingDSA and algorithmic thinkingReading tradeoffs carefullyChoosing the simplest workable solutionLearning by writing and testing code